Ovarian Cancer & Free Siddha Energy Remedies

Ovarian cancer Symptoms (??????? ????? ?? ?????)

Early symptoms (??????? ?????)

The most typical symptoms of ovarian cancer include:

• Bloating
• Abdominal or pelvic pain or discomfort
• Back pain
• Irregular menstruation or postmenopausal vaginal bleeding
• Pain or bleeding after or during sexual intercourse
• Loss of appetite
• Fatigue
• Diarrhea
• Indigestion
• Heartburn
• Constipation
• Nausea
• Feeling full
• Possibly urinary symptoms, including frequent urination and urgent urination

Later symptoms (??? ?? ?????)

The growing mass may cause pain if ovarian torsion develops. If these symptoms start to occur more often or more severely than usual, especially after no significant history of such symptoms, ovarian cancer is considered. 

Ovarian Cancer in Children (?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????)

In adolescents or children with ovarian tumors, symptoms can include:

• Severe abdominal pain
• Irritation of the peritoneum
• Bleeding

Symptoms of sex cord-stromal tumors produce hormones that can affect the development of secondary sex characteristics, which are found in prepubertal children may be manifested by:

• Early puberty
• Abdominal pain
• Distension is also common

Adolescents with sex cord-stromal tumors may experience amenorrhea. As cancer becomes more advanced, it can cause an accumulation of fluid in the abdomen. 

Ovarian Cancer Risk factors (???????  ????? ?? ????? ???)

Not having children is a risk factor for ovarian cancer, likely because ovulation is suppressed via pregnancy. During ovulation, cells are constantly stimulated to divide while ovulatory cycles continue. Therefore, people who have not borne children are at twice the risk of ovarian cancer than those who have.

A longer period of ovulation caused by early first menstruation and late menopause is also a risk factor. Both obesity and hormone replacement therapy also raise the risk.

The risk of developing ovarian cancer is less for women who have:

• Fewer menstrual cycles
• No menstrual cycles
• Breastfeeding
• Take oral contraceptives
• Multiple pregnancies
• Pregnancy at an early age

The risk of developing ovarian cancer is reduced in women who have had:

• A tubal ligation
• Both ovaries removed
• Hysterectomy (an operation in which the uterus, and sometimes the cervix, is removed)
• Age is also a risk factor

Hormones (???????)

Fertility drugs may be associated with a higher risk of borderline tumors. Those who have been treated for infertility but remain nulliparous are at higher risk for epithelial ovarian cancer; however, those who are successfully treated for infertility and subsequently give birth are at no higher risk. This may be due to the shedding of precancerous cells during pregnancy but the cause remains unclear. The risk factor may instead be infertility itself, not the treatment.

Hormonal conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome and endometriosis are associated with ovarian cancer, but the link is not completely confirmed. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with estrogen likely increases the risk of ovarian cancer.

Before menopause, obesity can increase a person’s risk of ovarian cancer, but this risk is not present after menopause. This risk is also relevant in those who are both obese and have never used HRT. A similar association with ovarian cancer appears in taller people.

Genetics (?????????)

A family history of ovarian cancer is a risk factor for ovarian cancer. People with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer and those with BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 genetic abnormalities are at increased risk.

Environmental factors (?????????? ????)

Industrialized nations, with the exception of Japan, have high rates of epithelial ovarian cancer, which may be due to diet in those countries. White women tend to have fewer children and different rates of gynecologic surgeries that affect the risk of ovarian cancer.

Protective factors (??????????? ????)

Suppression of ovulation, which would otherwise cause damage to the ovarian epithelium and, consequently, inflammation, is generally protective. This effect can be achieved by having children, taking combined oral contraceptives, and breastfeeding, all of which are protective factors.

A longer period of breastfeeding correlates with a larger decrease in the risk of ovarian cancer. Each birth decreases the risk of ovarian cancer more, and this effect is seen with up to five births.

Combined oral contraceptives reduce the risk of ovarian cancer by up to 50%, and the protective effect of combined oral contraceptives can last 25–30 years after they are discontinued. Regular use of aspirin or acetaminophen (paracetamol) may be associated with a lower risk of ovarian cancer.

Diagnosis (?????)

Examination (???????)

Ovarian cancer early stages (I/II) are difficult to diagnose because most symptoms are nonspecific and thus of little use in diagnosis. 

In patients in whom pregnancy is a possibility, BHCG level can be measured during the diagnosis process. Serum alpha-fetoprotein, neuron-specific enolase, and lactate dehydrogenase can be measured in young girls and adolescents with suspected ovarian tumors as younger patients are more likely to have malignant germ cell tumors.

Ovarian cancer Stages (??????? ????? ?? ???)

The stage of cancer describes how much cancer is in the body. It helps determine how serious the cancer is and how best to treat it. Doctors also use cancer’s stage when talking about survival statistics.

Ovarian cancer stages range from stage I (1) through IV (4). As a rule, the lower the number, the less cancer has spread. A higher number, such as stage IV, means cancer has spread more.

One of the goals of surgery for ovarian cancer is to take tissue samples for diagnosis and staging. Samples of tissues are taken from different parts of the pelvis and abdomen and examined in the lab.

Ovarian cancer Prevention (??????? ????? ?? ??????)

People with strong genetic risk for ovarian cancer may consider the surgical removal of their ovaries as a preventive measure. This reduces the chances of developing both breast cancer (by around 50%) and ovarian cancer (by about 96%) in people at high risk. 

People with a significant family history for ovarian cancer are often referred to as a genetic counselor to see if testing for BRCA mutations would be beneficial. The use of oral contraceptives, the absence of ‘periods’ during the menstrual cycle, and tubal ligation reduce the risk. 

Ovarian cancer Treatment (??????? ????? ?? ????)

Gynecologic oncologists can perform surgery on and give chemotherapy to women with ovarian cancer. 

Treatment usually involves surgery and chemotherapy, and sometimes radiotherapy, regardless of the subtype of ovarian cancer. Surgical treatment may be sufficient for well-differentiated malignant tumors and confined to the ovary. 

For patients with advanced disease, a combination of surgical reduction with a combination chemotherapy regimen is standard. 

Surgery (????-????????)

Surgery has been the standard of care for decades and may be necessary for obtaining a specimen for diagnosis, which depends upon the extent of nearby invasion of other tissues by cancer. 

The gynecological surgeon may remove one or both ovaries. The Fallopian tubes, uterus, and the Omentum may also be removed. 

In advanced cancers, where complete removal is not an option. Debulking surgery is not always successful, and is less likely to be successful in women with extensive metastases in the peritoneum, stage- IV disease, cancer in the transverse fissure of the liver, mesentery, or diaphragm, and large areas of ascites. 

Chemotherapy (????? ????????)

It has been a general standard of care for ovarian cancer for decades. In some cases, there may be a reason to perform chemotherapy first, followed by surgery. 

Radiation therapy (?????? ?????)

Dysgerminomas are most effectively treated with radiation, though this can cause infertility and is being phased out in favor of chemotherapy. Radiation therapy does not improve survival in people with well-differentiated tumors.

Hormonal therapy (???????? ??????)

Despite the fact that 60% of ovarian tumors have estrogen receptors, ovarian cancer is only rarely responsive to hormonal treatments. Estrogen alone does not have an effect on cancer, and tamoxifen and letrozole are rarely effective. Some women with borderline malignancy ovarian cancer and stromal ovarian cancer may receive hormonal therapy.

Immunotherapy (???-??????????????????)

Immunotherapy is a topic of current research, which has been approved for this use in the European Union.

Survival rates (??????????? ??)

Overall five-year survival rates are presented below by stage and histologic grade:

Stage	Survival
I	90–95%
II	70–80%
III	20–50%
IV	1–5%

Histologic grade	Survival
Low grade	88%
Intermediate grade	58%
High grade	27%

 

 

 

Pregnancy (??????????)

Malignant germ cell tumors are the type of ovarian cancer most likely to occur during pregnancy. Dermoid cysts and dysgerminomas are the most common germ cell tumors during pregnancy. Germ cell tumors diagnosed during pregnancy are unlikely to have metastasized and can be treated by surgery and, in some cases, chemotherapy, which carries the risk of birth defects. 

Ovarian cancer in other animals (???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????)

Ovarian tumors have been reported in equine mares. Reported tumor types include teratoma, cystadenocarcinoma, and particularly granulosa cell tumor.