Love Is What We Need Forever

Love Definition (????? ?? ???????)

The word “love” can have a variety of related but distinct meanings in different contexts, which is strong affection for another arising out of kinship or personal ties e.g. maternal love for a child. It is an attraction based on sexual desire, affection, and tenderness felt by lovers. Love is affection based on admiration, benevolence, or common interests. It is an assurance of affection. Love is warm attachment, enthusiasm, or devotion. It is an unselfish loyal and benevolent concern for the good of another, such as:

• A fatherly concern of God for humankind
• Brotherly concern for others

Impersonal (?????????)

People can be said to love an object, principle, or goal to which they are deeply committed and greatly value. For example, compassionate outreach and volunteer workers’ love of their cause may sometimes be born not of interpersonal but impersonal love, altruism, and strong spiritual or political convictions. People can also love material objects, animals, or activities if they invest themselves in bonding or otherwise identifying with those things.

If sexual passion is also involved, then this feeling is called paraphilia. 

Interpersonal (?????????)

Interpersonal refers to the love between human beings. It is a much more potent sentiment than a simple liking for a person. Unrequited love refers to those feelings are not reciprocated. Interpersonal is most closely associated with interpersonal relationships. Such love might exist between:

• Family members
• Friends
• Couples

There are also a number of psychological disorders related, such as erotomania. 

Biological basis (????? ????)

Biological models of sex tend to view love as a mammalian drive, much like hunger or thirst. Helen Fisher, an anthropologist, and human behavior researcher divides the experience into three partly overlapping stages:

• Lust (???)
• Attraction (??????)
• Attachment (??????)

Lust is the feeling of sexual desire; romantic attraction determines what partners mates find attractive and pursue, conserving time and energy by choosing; and attachment involves sharing a home, parental duties, mutual defense, and in humans involves feelings of safety and security. 

Three distinct neural circuitries, including neurotransmitters, and three behavioral patterns, are associated with these three romantic styles.

Lust is the initial passionate sexual desire that promotes mating and involves the increased release of chemicals such as testosterone and estrogen. These effects rarely last more than a few weeks or months. 

Recent studies in neuroscience have indicated that as people fall in love, the brain consistently releases a certain set of chemicals, including:

• The neurotransmitter hormones
• Dopamine

Norepinephrine, and serotonin, the same compounds released by amphetamine, stimulating the brain’s pleasure center and leading to side effects such as:

• Increased heart rate
• Loss of appetite and sleep
• An intense feeling of excitement 

Psychological basis (???????????? ????)

Psychology depicts it as a cognitive and social phenomenon. Psychologist Robert Sternberg formulated a triangular theory of love and argued that it has three different components:

• Intimacy (????????)
• Commitment (???????????)
• Passion (?????)

Intimacy is a form in which two people share confidences and various details of their personal lives and is usually shown in friendships and romantic love-affairs. Commitment, on the other hand, is the expectation that the relationship is permanent. The last is sexual attraction and passion, which is shown in infatuation as well as romantic. 

Evolutionary basis (????????? ????)

Evolutionary psychology has attempted to provide various reasons for love as a survival tool. Humans are dependent on parental help for a large portion of their lifespans compared to other mammals. Love has therefore been seen as a mechanism to promote parental support of children for this extended time period. 

Comparison of scientific models (????????? ?????? ?? ?????)

Biological models tend to see it as a mammalian drive, similar to hunger or thirst. Psychology sees it as more of a social and cultural phenomenon. Certainly, love is influenced by hormones, neurotrophins, and pheromones, and how people think and behave is influenced by their conceptions. 

Cultural views of love (????? ??????? ?????????? ?????)

Ancient Greek (??????? ??????)

Greek distinguishes several different senses in which the word ‘love’ is used. Ancient Greeks identified four forms:

• Kinship or familiarity (in Greek, storge)
• Friendship and/or platonic desire (philia)
• Sexual and/or romantic desire (eros)
• Self-emptying or divine love (agape)

Modern authors have distinguished further varieties of romantic love. However, with Greek (as with many other languages), it has been historically difficult to separate the meanings of these words totally. At the same time, the Ancient Greek text of the Bible has examples of the verb agapo having the same meaning as phileo.

Agape (????? agáp?) means love in modern-day Greek. The term s’agapo means ‘I love you’ in Greek. The word agapo is the verb ‘I love’. It generally refers to a “pure,” ideal type, rather than the physical attraction suggested by eros. However, there are some examples of agape used to mean the same as eros. It has also been translated as “love of the soul.”

Ancient Roman (Latin) Cultural views [??? ???? (?????) ?????????? ?????]

The Latin language has several different verbs corresponding to the English word “love.” am? is the basic verb meaning ‘I love’, with the infinitive amare as it still is in Italian today. The Romans used it both in an affectionate sense as well as in a romantic or sexual sense.

From this verb come amans—a lover, amator, ‘professional lover,’ often with the accessory notion of lechery—and Amica, ‘girlfriend’ in the English sense, often being applied euphemistically to a prostitute. The corresponding noun is amor, which is also used in the plural form to indicate love affairs or sexual adventures. 

Japanese Cultural views (?????? ?????????? ?????)

The Japanese language uses three words to convey the English equivalent of “love”. Because it covers a wide range of emotions and behavioral phenomena, there are nuances distinguishing the three terms. The term ai (?), which is often associated with maternal or selfless love, originally referred to beauty and was often used in a religious context.

Following the Meiji Restoration 1868, the term became associated in order to translate Western literature. Prior to Western influence, the term koi (?) generally represented romantic love and was often the subject of the popular Man’y?sh? Japanese poetry collection. 

Indian Cultural views (?????? ?????????? ?????)

In contemporary literature, Kama refers usually to sexual desire. However, the term also refers to any sensory enjoyment, emotional attraction and aesthetic pleasure such as from arts, dance, music, painting, sculpture, and nature.

The concept of Kama is found in some of the earliest known verses in Vedas. For example, Book 10 of Rig Veda describes the creation of the universe from nothing by the great heat. There in hymn 129, it states:

??????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? |
??? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ????? ||

Thereafter rose Desire in the beginning, Desire the primal seed and germ of Spirit,
Sages who searched with their heart’s thought discovered the kinship of existent in the non-existent.

Persian Cultural views (????? ?????????? ?????)