Hyponatremia: Sodium Imbalance

Hyponatremia is a low sodium concentration in the blood. It is generally defined as a sodium concentration of less than 135 mmol/L (135 mEq/L), with severe hyponatremia being below 120 mEq/L. Symptoms can be absent, mild, or severe. Mild symptoms include a decreased ability to think, headaches, nausea, and poor balance. Severe symptoms include confusion, seizures, and coma. Hyponatremia is the most common type of electrolyte imbalance. It occurs in about 20% of those admitted to hospital and 10% of people during or after an endurance sporting event. Among those in hospital, hyponatremia is associated with an increased risk of death. The economic costs of hyponatremia are estimated at $2.6 billion per annum in the United States. Hence, the Siddha Spirituality of Swami Hardas Life System brings out in-depth information for well-being.

What is the meaning of Hyponatremia?

Hyponatremia refers to a lower-than-normal level of sodium in the blood. Sodium is essential for many body functions including the maintenance of fluid balance, regulation of blood pressure, and normal function of the nervous system.

What are the Symptoms of Hyponatremia?

Signs and symptoms of hyponatremia include:

• Nausea and vomiting,
• Headache,
• Short-term memory loss,
• Confusion,
• Lethargy,
• Fatigue,
• Loss of appetite,
• Irritability,
• Muscle weakness,
• Spasms or cramps,
• Seizures, and
• Decreased consciousness or coma.

However, mild hyponatremia (plasma sodium levels at 131–135 mmol/L) may be associated with complications and subtle symptoms e.g., increased falls, altered posture and gait, reduced attention, impaired cognition, and possibly higher rates of death).

Herniation of the brain

Neurological symptoms typically occur with very low levels of plasma sodium (usually <115 mmol/L). When sodium levels in the blood become very low, water enters the brain cells and causes them to swell. This results in increased pressure in the skull and causes hyponatremic encephalopathy. As pressure increases in the skull, herniation of the brain can occur, which is a squeezing of the brain across the internal structures of the skull. This can lead to:

• Headache,
• Nausea,
• Vomiting,
• Confusion,
• Seizures,
• Brain stem compression and respiratory arrest, and
• Non-cardiogenic accumulation of fluid in the lungs, which is usually fatal if not immediately treated.

Neuronal adaptation

Symptom severity depends on how fast and how severe the drop in blood sodium level is. The presence of underlying neurological diseases such as a seizure disorder or non-neurological metabolic abnormalities also affects the severity of neurologic symptoms.

Neurological impairment

Chronic hyponatremia can lead to such complications as neurological impairments. These neurological impairments most often affect gait (walking) and attention and can lead to increased reaction time and falls. Hyponatremia, by interfering with bone metabolism, has been linked with a doubled risk of osteoporosis and an increased risk of bone fracture.

What Causes Hyponatremia?

The specific causes of hyponatremia are generally divided into those with low tonicity (lower than normal concentration of solutes), without low tonicity, and falsely low sodiums. Those with low tonicity are then grouped by whether the person has high fluid volume, normal fluid volume, or low fluid volume. Too little sodium in the diet alone is very rarely the cause of hyponatremia.

High volume

Both sodium and water content increase: Increase in sodium content leads to hypervolemia and water content to hyponatremia.

• Cirrhosis of the liver
• Congestive heart failure
• Nephrotic syndrome in the kidneys
• Excessive drinking of fluids

Normal volume

There is volume expansion in the body, no edema, but hyponatremia occurs:

• SIADH (and its many causes)
• Hypothyroidism
• Not enough ACTH
• Beer potomania
• Normal physiologic change of pregnancy
• Reset osmostat

Low volume

Hypovolemia is due to total body sodium loss, which is caused by a relatively smaller loss in total body water.

• Any cause of hypovolemia such as prolonged vomiting, decreased oral intake, severe diarrhea
• Diuretic use 
• Addison’s disease and congenital adrenal hyperplasia in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough steroid hormones
• Pancreatitis
• Prolonged exercise and sweating, combined with drinking water without electrolytes, cause exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH). It is common in marathon runners and participants of other endurance events.
• The use of MDMA can result in hyponatremia.

Medication

Antipsychotics have been reported to cause hyponatremia in a review of medical articles from 1946 to 2016.

Are there other causes?

Miscellaneous causes include the following:

• False hyponatremia i.e. due to massive increases in blood triglyceride levels or extreme elevation of immunoglobulins as may occur in multiple myeloma
• Hyponatremia with elevated tonicity can occur with high blood sugar.

How Hyponatremia is Diagnosed?

A blood test demonstrating serum sodium less than 135 mmol/L is diagnostic for hyponatremia. The history and physical exam are necessary to help determine if the person is hypovolemic, euvolemic, or hypervolemic, which has important implications in determining the underlying cause. These include assessments of alertness, concentration, and orientation:

False hyponatremia

In hypertonic, resorption of water by molecules such as glucose (hyperglycemia or diabetes) or mannitol (hypertonic infusion) occurs. In isotonic, a measurement error due to high blood triglyceride level (most common) or paraproteinemia occurs. It occurs when using techniques that measure the amount of sodium in a specified volume of serum/plasma or dilute the sample before analysis.

True hyponatremia

Hypotonic are categorized in 3 ways based on the person’s blood volume status. Each category represents a different underlying reason for the increase in ADH that led to the water retention and thence hyponatremia:

High volume

Wherein there is decreased effective circulating volume i.e. less blood flowing in the body even though total body volume is increased. The decreased effective circulating volume stimulates the release of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), which in turn leads to water retention. Hypervolemic is most commonly the result of congestive heart failure, liver failure, or kidney disease.

Normal volume

Wherein the increase in ADH is secondary to either physiologic but excessive ADH release or inappropriate and non-physiologic secretion of ADH, that is, Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone hypersecretion (SIADH). Often categorized under euvolemic is hyponatremia due to inadequate urine solute (not enough chemicals or electrolytes to produce urine) as occurs in beer potomania or “tea and toast” hyponatremia, hyponatremia due to hypothyroidism or central adrenal insufficiency, and those rare instances of hyponatremia that are truly secondary to excess water intake.

Low volume

Wherein ADH secretion is stimulated by or associated with volume depletion.

Acute versus chronic Hyponatremia

Chronic hyponatremia is when sodium levels drop gradually over several days or weeks and symptoms and complications are typically moderate. Chronic is often called asymptomatic hyponatremia in clinical settings. However, emerging data suggest that asymptomatic is not actually asymptomatic.

Acute hyponatremia is when sodium levels drop rapidly, resulting in potentially dangerous effects, such as rapid BRAIN swelling, which can result in coma and death.

How Hyponatremia is Treated?

Treatment depends on a person’s symptoms. Fluids are typically the cornerstone of initial management. In those with severe disease, an increase in sodium of about 5 mmol/L over one to four hours is recommended. A rapid rise in serum sodium is anticipated in certain groups when the cause is addressed thus warranting closer monitoring to avoid overly rapid correction of the blood sodium concentration. These groups include:

• Who have hypovolemic hyponatremia and receive intravenous fluids,
• Persons with adrenal insufficiency who receive hydrocortisone,
• Persons in whom a medication causing increased ADH release has been stopped, and
• Those who have hyponatremia due to decreased salt and/or solute intake in their diet are treated with a higher solute diet. If large volumes of dilute urine are seen, this can be a warning sign that overcorrection is imminent in these individuals.

Sodium deficit = (140 – serum sodium) x total body water

Total body water = kilograms of body weight x 0.6

Fluids

Options include:

• Mild and asymptomatic hyponatremia is treated with adequate solute intake (including salt and protein) and fluid restriction starting at 500 milliliters per day (mL/d) of water with adjustments based on serum sodium levels. A long-term fluid restriction of 1,200–1,800 mL/d may maintain the person in a symptom-free state.
• Moderate and/or symptomatic hyponatremia is treated by raising the serum sodium level by 0.5 to 1 mmol per liter per hour for a total of 8 mmol per liter during the first day with the use of furosemide and replacing sodium and potassium losses with 0.9% saline.
• Severe hyponatremia or severe symptoms (confusion, convulsions, or coma): consider hypertonic saline (3%) 1–2 mL/kg IV in 3–4 h. Hypertonic saline may lead to a rapid dilute diuresis and a fall in the serum sodium.

Electrolyte abnormalities

In persons with hyponatremia due to low blood volume from diuretics with simultaneous low blood potassium levels, correction of the low potassium level can assist with correction of hyponatremia.

Medications

American and European guidelines come to different conclusions regarding the use of medications. In the United States, they are recommended in those with SIADH, cirrhosis, or heart failure who fail to limit fluid intake. In Europe, they are not generally recommended.

Demeclocycline, while sometimes used for SIADH, has significant side effects including potential kidney problems and sun sensitivity. In many people, it has no benefit while in others it can result in overcorrection and high blood sodium levels.

Precautions

Raising the serum sodium concentration too rapidly may cause osmotic demyelination syndrome. It is recommended not to raise the serum sodium by more than 10 mEq/L/day.

Epidemiology 

Hyponatremia is the most commonly seen water-electrolyte imbalance. The disorder is more frequent in females, the elderly, and in people who are hospitalized. The number of cases depends largely on the population. 

People who have hyponatremia and require hospitalization have a longer length of stay (with associated increased costs) and also have a higher likelihood of requiring readmission. This is particularly the case in men and the elderly.

How to manage hyponatremia with Siddha remedies?

1. Siddha preventive measures

Everybody must practice Siddha preventive measures, whether a person is affected with hyponatremia or not, but preventive measures are the primary steps for switching on to any other Siddha remedies, and hence they are important. It helps in one’s capability, effectiveness, and productivity, decision-making power, intellectuality, and removing minor health problems. 

Everybody’s tendency is to get attracted to the word free, however, don’t neglect even these Siddha preventive measures are free. Avail of the benefits by practicing them sincerely, and regularly. For the ease of understanding Siddha preventive measures, please watch a video for a live demonstration.

2. Siddha Shaktidata Yog

This unique Siddha Shaktidata Yog of Siddha Spirituality can solve the problems related to hyponatremia with free Siddha remedies. There is no compulsion of training of ‘Swami Hardas Life System’ methods. This not only gives benefits to self but also it can be used for other affected persons, whether a person is in the same house, distantly available in the same city, same nation or might be in any corner of the world, however, both the procedures have been explained here.

3. Siddha Kalyan Sadhana

Recite this Sadhana with a Sankalp “My problems of the hyponatremia are solved as early as possible and I should gain health”, which should be repeated in mind 3 – 3 times every after each stanza. Any person irrespective of caste, creed, religion, faith, sex, and age can recite this Sadhana for free, which should be repeated at least twice a day. To know more, please click on this link.

4. CCPE products

These products work on the concepts of ‘Conceptual Creative Positive Energy’ (CCPE) within the provisions of the ‘CCPE Life System’ and the theory of Quantum Technology to a certain extent. However, the products get activated only whenever touched by a human and then they become capable of solving the problem and achieving health. However, please use these products for hyponatremia as mentioned below:

CCPE Extractor: The CCPE Extractor should be gently moved over the Agya Chakra in a circular motion at least for 30 to 60 seconds, thereafter, follow the same process on the head, and naval for another 30 to 60 seconds, which finishes within almost 2 – 4 minutes.

CCPE Booster: Keep one Booster over the Agya Chakra and another one each over the head, and naval for 3 minutes. You may need to have 3 Boosters, which establishes positivity. 

5. UAM (Understanding, Awakening, Movement)

For quick and effective results, it is advisable to learn the unique methods of the Swami Hardas Life System. A trained person can only apply the UAM method himself/herself and also become capable of healing others.

A daily routine for Candida

In general, a daily routine to manage hyponatremia may look like this:

• Carry out all medical checks as suggested above and follow the advice of your Doctor
• Apply free Siddha energy remedies a minimum 3 times a day, as explained above
• Do walking exercises, breathing exercises regularly
• Have a healthy diet in particular
• Perform Siddha Nyasa regularly
• Perform Swayamsiddha Agnihotra daily, if feasible
• Try to learn advanced methods of Swami Hardas Life System for fast recovery

Ensure to sprinkle in some fun during the day: Don’t forget to relax and laugh in between. Laughing is a great way to boost your immune system and help you.

Just try the methods of Siddha Spirituality of Swami Hardas Life System. I am confident that you will surely find improvements within 3 days.

Training of Swami Hardas Life System 

Any person irrespective of religion, caste, creed, faith, sex, and age can undergo the unique training of Swami Hardas Life System.

Conclusion

Given the above, I am confident that you have learned about hyponatremia, meaning, symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and free Siddha remedies, without money and medicines. You also learned free Siddha remedies. Now, you have become self-sufficient, hence it’s the right time to use your acquired knowledge for solving problems as per the provision available in Siddha Spirituality of Swami Hardas Life System.

However, keep learning and practicing the free Siddha Energy Remedies, which would help guide how to solve various problems regarding health, peace, and progress, without money and medicines.

After reading this article, what are your thoughts? Would you please put more efforts into enhancing or updating your knowledge? Let me know your precious thoughts. 

Frequently asked questions

Here are a few frequently asked questions regarding hyponatremia. Before posting your query, kindly go through them:

Q: What does hyponatremia mean? Hyponatremia refers to a lower-than-normal level of sodium in the blood. Sodium is essential for many body functions including the maintenance of fluid balance, regulation of blood pressure, and normal function of the nervous system.

 

Q: What are the Siddha remedies for hyponatremia, which can be applied at home? In general, hyponatremia can be effectively managed by carrying out all medical checks as suggested above and follow the advice of your Doctor. Thereafter apply free Siddha energy remedies a minimum 3 times a day, as explained above, Do walking exercises, breathing exercises regularly, have a healthy diet, in particular, perform Siddha Nyasa regularly, perform Swayamsiddha Agnihotra daily, if feasible, and try to learn advanced methods of Swami Hardas Life System for fast recovery. However, ensure to sprinkle in some fun during the day: don’t forget to relax and laugh in between. Laughing is a great way to boost your immune system and help you.

 

Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyponatremia